Exploring the killing of King Edmund by the Norse in East Anglia and the mystery surrounding their activities. Arrival of the Great Summer Army, successful raids, and Guthrum's surprise attack on Wessex. The minting and political significance of gold St Edmund coinage. Succession of East Anglia and rebellion against King Edward. Integration of East Anglia into the Kingdom of England.
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Quick takeaways
The Norse conquest of East Anglia resulted in the complete subjugation of Northumbria and Mercia.
Guthrum, the leader who killed King Edmund, accepted baptism and became Alfred's godson, marking the end of Norse expansion in England.
Deep dives
The Norse conquest of East Anglia
In 869, the Norse killed King Edmund, leaving East Anglia under their control. It is unclear whether they settled as a warrior elite or invited mass migration from their homelands. The leader who killed Edmund was speculated to be Iva, also known as the Boneless, who achieved success in Ireland before returning to Dublin. The Scandinavian presence was further reinforced by the arrival of the Great Summer Army, led by Guthrum, a son of King Horrich of Denmark. The Norse conquest resulted in the complete subjugation of Northumbria and Mercia.
The rule of Guthrum in East Anglia
Following the conquest, Guthrum became King of East Anglia and launched raids into Northumbria and Mercia. In 878, the Danes surprised King Alfred of Wessex in Chippenham and drove him into exile, but Alfred regrouped and achieved a surprise victory over the Danes at Eddington. In the peace treaty, Guthrum accepted baptism and became Alfred's godson, marking the end of Norse expansion in England. Guthrum ruled as King of East Anglia from 878 until his death in 890.
East Anglia's incorporation into England
Following Guthrum's death, East Anglia experienced relative obscurity and succession disputes. The East Anglians attempted to rebel against Edward, son of Alfred, in 902 but were crushed. In 906, a peace treaty was supposedly made between the East Anglians and Edward, but the reliability of the claimed laws supporting this treaty is debated. In 911, Edward and his sister Athelstan led a campaign against the Danelaw, and Edward ultimately defeated Guthrum II at Tempsford. East Anglia submitted to Edward, and the region became part of the emerging Kingdom of England.
In 869, when the Norse killed Edmund, East Anglia was left prostrate before them. Later legend tells us that they had demanded Edmund yield half of his kingdom to them, a demand the king obviously refused, for which he paid with his life. Precisely what the Norse did in East Anglia after killing Edmund is shrouded in mystery, as it is in all of what would become known as the Danelaw.