James Smithson, Englishman who donated money to the United States for the establishment of the Smithsonian Institution, is the guest on this episode. The hosts discuss the controversies and congressional debates surrounding the establishment of the Smithsonian Institution and its museums. They also delve into the story of James Smithson and the challenges faced by the US in handling the funds. The chapter explores the concept of higher education and debates surrounding turning the Smithsonian into a library. Lastly, it examines the political implications and funding of the Smithsonian Institution.
The establishment of the Smithsonian Institution involved debates and compromises to create diverse institutes focused on museums, libraries, research labs, and learning institutes.
The Smithsonian Institution remains dedicated to James Smithson's vision of free access to knowledge and education for all, providing a wide range of exhibits and research accessible to the public.
Deep dives
Establishment of the Smithsonian Institution
On August 10th, 1846, President James K. Polk signed the Smithsonian Institution Bill into law, establishing the Smithsonian Institution as a series of museums and research institutions. The initial idea had some controversy and limited funding, but as time passed, it grew to become the world's largest institution of its kind with 21 museums, the National Zoo, and nine research facilities in Washington, D.C. The process involved eight years of congressional debates to decide how to utilize the funds donated by James Smithson. Despite differing opinions, a consensus was reached to create a diverse range of institutes, including libraries, museums, scientific research labs, and learning institutes.
Controversies and Interpretations
The establishment of the Smithsonian Institution faced controversies and questions about its purpose and direction. Some argued for its focus on astronomy, while others wanted it to emphasize agricultural research or education. The language of James Smithson's bequest left room for interpretation, and there were concerns about foreign individuals making demands on the United States. Additionally, debates arose about whether the institution should be for children or higher education. Eventually, a compromise was reached, leading to the creation of various institutions within the Smithsonian, such as the National Museum of American History, African American History Museum, Air and Space Museum, and more.
The Continuing Impact and Accessibility
The Smithsonian Institution remains a testament to the original vision of James Smithson, providing free access to knowledge and education for all. It offers an array of museums, research facilities, and cultural institutions accessible to the public, irrespective of age, income, or background. The Smithsonian has maintained broad support and protection from across the political spectrum, even in times of budget discussions. Its preservation of knowledge, focus on public accessibility, and wide range of exhibits and research make it a cherished and unique American institution.
It’s August 15th. This day (actually Aug 10th) in 1846, President Polk signed into law a bill establishing the Smithsonian Institution, after almost a decade of squabbling about how the United States would use the money donated to it by Englishman James Smithson.
Jody, NIki, and Kellie discuss the various ways in which the Smithsonian money could have been spent, why it was used the way it was — and whether the currrent institution honors Smithson’s original vision.
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Our team: Jacob Feldman, Researcher/Producer; Brittani Brown, Producer; Khawla Nakua, Transcripts; music by Teen Daze and Blue Dot Sessions; Audrey Mardavich is our Executive Producer at Radiotopia