Noble Lies and Philosophic Silence: Hypatia, Synesius, and the New Esotericism in the Fourth Century
Sep 20, 2023
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Explore the philosopher's operation under fear, violence, and persecution. Hepesia's esoteric doctrines and her ability to run her philosophical school. The beliefs of Christians during Theophilus's bishopric. Impact of anti-pagan laws in the fourth century. Interpretations of Hypatia's teachings and Sainesius's potential conversion. The clash of philosophical beliefs in letter 105. The concept of the noble lie in late antiquity.
The philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria potentially kept certain doctrines secret and had an inner circle for deeper teachings, including polytheistic religious material, reflecting a need for discretion and safety in late antiquity.
The writings of Synesius, a Christian student of Hypatia, suggest a blending of Christian teachings with Platonist esoteric doctrines, raising questions about the transmission of esoteric knowledge and the nature of belief during this period.
Deep dives
Hepesia's Philosophical School and the Question of Esotericism
The podcast explores the life of Hepesia of Alexandria and raises questions about her ability to run a philosophical school during the reign of the pagan-hating bishop, Theophilus. It is speculated whether Hepesia kept certain doctrines quiet and had an inner circle for deeper teachings, including polytheistic religious material. The podcast also discusses the possibility of a new form of Esotericism arising in late antiquity, driven by the need to avoid persecution and stay safe. While the evidence is inconclusive, Hepesia's life and death serve as a launching point to discuss the changing face of Esotericism in this era.
Different Interpretations of Hepesia's Philosophical Teachings
Scholars present various interpretations of Hepesia's teachings. The minimalist position suggests she was purely a mathematician, focused on exact sciences like astronomy. Another view portrays her as a Ptolemist philosopher, following a philosophy already embraced by her father and predecessor. The mainstream view suggests Hepesia as some form of Platonist, potentially influenced by Plotinus or Porphyry. Some scholars argue for a strong Yamblachian influence as well. The evidence is limited, and the true nature of Hepesia's teachings remains uncertain.
Esotericism for Safety's Sake in Late Antiquity
The podcast explores the concept of esotericism evolving to avoid persecution and stay safe in late antiquity. With the rise of Christian power and increased restrictions on traditional practices, discretion became crucial. The need for secrecy merged with the idea that hidden knowledge held higher wisdom and truths. The atmosphere of increased vigilance affected not only philosophers like Hepesia but also ordinary people practicing traditional faiths. This period witnessed a shift in the balance between open teachings and the concealment of esoteric wisdom to protect oneself from repercussions.
Sainesius and the Complexities of Esotericism
The episode delves into the writings of Sainesius, a Christian student of Hepesia and later a prominent bishop. Sainesius revered Hepesia and referred to her as his initiator into the mysteries of philosophy. His letters suggest an interest in esoteric teachings such as the Chaldean oracles. His views on Christianity, as expressed in an infamous letter, highlight his willingness to mythologize and treat it as a noble lie for the masses. Sainesius' writings suggest a blending of Christian teachings with Platonist esoteric doctrines, raising questions about the nature of his beliefs and the transmission of esoteric knowledge in late antiquity.
Fear, loathing, violence, and persecution. How does the philosopher operate under such circumstances? We look at the case-studies of Hypatia of Alexandria and her student Synesius of Cyrene, for some pointers.
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