Rosemary Hill, a contributing editor at the London Review of Books and author known for her works on Pugin and Stonehenge, reminisces about the rise and fall of department stores. She highlights their past as vital spaces for women seeking autonomy and community. Hill shares her personal experiences, including a memorable holiday season at Selfridge's. The conversation touches on the architectural grandeur of these stores, their decline in the face of modern retail, and the cultural void left by their closures in urban settings.
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Quick takeaways
Department stores once served as vibrant social hubs for women, offering safe spaces that allowed them leisure away from home and societal norms.
The decline of department stores reflects broader shifts in consumer habits towards online shopping, challenging the traditional retail landscape and its community aspects.
Deep dives
The Historical Significance of Department Stores
Department stores played a pivotal role in the evolution of retail experiences, particularly during their peak in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally emerging in Paris, they transformed shopping into an experience of leisure and exploration, offering a wide range of goods under one roof for browsing convenience. This experience was a significant departure from traditional retail, where customers had to request items. The combination of improved urban architecture and a growing middle class allowed these stores to flourish, reflecting broader social changes and consumer desires.
The Role of Women in Department Stores
Department stores were not only a shopping destination but also provided a safe and respectable space for women. They offered amenities such as cafes and bathrooms, catering to women who sought companionship and leisure away from home. However, there was a tension within society regarding women's presence in these commercial spaces, often viewed ambivalently as both empowering and exploitative. Notable literary depictions, like those by Zola, highlighted this duality, portraying department stores as places of both desire and capitalist exploitation.
Architectural Evolution and Experience
The architectural design of department stores evolved to enhance the shopping experience, drawing inspiration from cathedrals and grand public buildings. They featured large, open spaces with galleries, allowing customers to explore various departments freely. This design not only facilitated browsing but created an engaging atmosphere that separated shoppers from the outside world. The unique ambiance fostered a sense of community and spectacle, with decorative elements that further attracted visitors and encouraged longer stays.
The Current Decline and Future of Department Stores
In recent years, department stores have experienced significant decline, with many closing their doors due to changing consumer habits and the rise of online shopping. Former giants like Debenhams have left substantial vacant spaces in urban areas, posing challenges for future use. The retail landscape continues to evolve, with consumers gravitating towards personalized and unique shopping experiences, reminiscent of boutique culture. Although the traditional department store may not return in its former glory, elements of its charm and community appeal may influence the future of retail environments.
‘The department store is dying,’ Rosemary Hill wrote recently in the LRB, reviewing an exhibition at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris on the origins of the grands magasins. She joins Tom to talk about their 19th and 20th-century heyday as cathedrals of consumerism as well as places where women could spend time away from home, and away from men, safely and respectably. She also recalls the Christmas she worked in the toy department at Selfridges, demonstrating wind-up bath toys.