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Philip Fisher's concept of circular competence, where one focuses on what they know and understand best, heavily influenced Warren Buffett. The idea is to stick with areas of expertise and not venture into unfamiliar territories. Buffett adopted this principle, ensuring he invested only in businesses he thoroughly understood, mirroring Fisher's emphasis on expertise-driven investing.
Harry Markowitz's risk definition based on price volatility at a young age overlooked Benjamin Graham's and later John Burr Williams' teachings on risk linked to intrinsic value and margin of safety. While Markowitz equated risk with variance, Graham and Williams highlighted the importance of buying below intrinsic value as true risk mitigation, emphasizing the buffer against losses.
The critique of Markowitz's risk definition as volatility emphasizes the importance of considering Warren Buffett's focus on intrinsic value in investment decisions. Buffett's departure from conventional risk definitions aligns with Graham and Williams' emphasis on preserving capital through precise valuation measures and margin of safety, reflecting a strategic shift towards fundamental value investing.
Markowitz's overlook of intrinsic value risk as emphasized by Graham and Williams underscores Warren Buffett's evolution towards expertise-driven investing, championed by Philip Fisher. Buffett's transition to prioritizing business value and understanding over market fluctuations reflects a holistic approach to investment decision-making, moving away from traditional portfolio management models.
The significance of defining risk based on intrinsic business value rather than price volatility, as propagated by Graham, Williams, and Fisher, aligns with Warren Buffett's key investment tenets. Buffett's emphasis on understanding business operations and favoring long-term business value over short-term market trends resonates with the enduring principles of value investing advocated by his influential predecessors.
Value investing declined at Columbia University post-Graham's retirement in 1956. Attendance in classes dropped, and Roger Murray retired in 1977, leading to no security analysis or value investing teachings. However, in 1984, Buffett's speech sparked a resurgence. Bruce Greenwald in 1991 played a key role in reviving value investing at Columbia.
Buffett's risk assessment differs from traditional portfolio management theories. He values certainty in evaluating long-term economic characteristics, management quality, and capital allocation consistency to shareholders. His investment approach focuses on buying certainty at a discount. Buffett's emphasis on business moats and long-term competitive advantages guides his investment decisions, concentrating on companies with strong economic returns and persistent growth potential.
Kyle Grieve chats with Robert Hagstrom about reflections from Warren Buffett’s early investing mistakes, why GEICO’s insurance float has been setup so perfectly for use by Warren Buffett, why low turnover portfolio’s outperform other options, why looking at stocks as abstractions is such a powerful mental model, how Warren Buffett has made thinking long-term into his own competitive advantage, a detailed history on modern portfolio theory, and why it’s so pervasive today, why investors should focus on certainties in their investing strategy, and a whole lot more!
IN THIS EPISODE YOU’LL LEARN:
00:00 - Intro
05:30 - Details on Warren's mistakes on Berkshire Hathaway (textile mill) and subsequent mistakes with the Dexter Shoe acquisition.
08:44 - Why low turnover portfolios tend to outperform.
16:20 - Why you can outperform the market over the long term while underperforming the market 50% of the time.
18:29 - The importance of thinking of stocks as abstractions.
27:55 - How Warren Buffett has evolved his investing methods while staying true to his deeply held principles.
43:07 - Benjamin Graham's two most influential concepts Warren still abides by today.
43:07 - The history of modern portfolio theory and why it's so pervasive today.
54:28 - The single most important characteristic that has produced so much of Warren Buffett's success.
59:36 - The characteristics required to outperform the market.
01:08:09 - Why we should spend our investing time thinking about business rather than macroeconomics.
And so much more!
Disclaimer: Slight discrepancies in the timestamps may occur due to podcast platform differences.
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