On Mysticism. With Simon Critchley on his new book, inc. figures from Mother Julian to Annie Dillard
Jan 17, 2025
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In this enlightening discussion, Simon Critchley—an academic philosopher and author of "On Mysticism"—unpacks the intricate nature of mysticism and its historical figures like Mother Julian and Meister Eckhart. He challenges modern misconceptions, emphasizing the relationship between suffering, creativity, and spiritual experiences. Critchley explores Mother Julian's radical views on sin and divine kindness, and how surrender plays a role in psychotherapy, writing, and music. The conversation beckons a revival of mystical insights in philosophical discourse.
Simon Critchley highlights that the modern interpretation of mysticism often obscures the richness of historical spiritual practices and their insights.
The experiences of historical mystics, such as Mother Julian, reveal that suffering is integral to spiritual transformation and deeper understanding of divine love.
The intersection of mysticism and philosophy encourages a reevaluation of philosophy as a pursuit of divine experience, rather than solely a rational endeavor.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Mysticism
The term 'mysticism' is a modern concept that can create misunderstandings regarding its historical application. Medieval mystics, for instance, did not view themselves through the lens of mysticism, as the term was not part of their lexicon. This anachronistic application obscures the richness of earlier practices and beliefs, which can result in mischaracterizing the experiences of figures such as Julian of Norwich. The inquiry into the term’s origins reveals that its modern usage fails to capture the rigorous and nuanced spiritual experiences of the past.
The Pitfalls of Reduced Experience
The contemporary notion of mysticism often equates it with peak experiences or altered states of consciousness, largely influenced by modern explorations of psychedelics and charismatic spirituality. However, this reduction overlooks the depth and discipline present in historical mystical traditions, which valued sustained contemplation and rigorous practice. For example, figures like Mother Julian and Meister Eckhart focused less on extraordinary experiences and more on prolonged reflection and the articulation of spiritual insights. The belief that mysticism is solely about intense experiences diminishes the importance of the contemplation practices foundational to these traditions.
Engagement in Suffering
The lives of historical mystics often involved significant suffering, which played a critical role in their spiritual journeys. For instance, Julian of Norwich experienced a near-death event accompanied by visions, and her reflections over decades illustrate the integration of suffering into her understanding of divine love. Her assertion that sin is 'behovely' reflects a radical reframing where suffering is seen as a necessary part of the human experience that can lead to transformation. Therefore, genuine engagement with suffering allows for a deeper connection to spiritual reality and insight.
The Dialectic of Self and Other
A key theme within mysticism is the notion of self-annihilation or the desire to transcend the ego, which allows individuals to connect with a greater divine presence. This idea resonates with writings from figures like Blake, who emphasized the need to annihilate personal identity to embrace a more profound mystical experience. The mystic's journey is thus characterized by an 'I as another' dynamic, where personal narratives are put aside in favor of a more universal engagement with existence. This perspective critiques the contemporary obsession with individual identity, suggesting that true depth of experience lies beyond the self.
Philosophy's Invitation to Mysticism
The intersection of mysticism and philosophy opens new avenues for understanding both disciplines, challenging the reductionist tendencies found in modern academic philosophy. The exploration of mystical themes invites practitioners to rethink the function and purpose of philosophy, positioning it as a pursuit of divine experience rather than purely rational discourse. Notably, figures like Socrates exhibit a sensuality and desiring nature that defy simplistic rational interpretations, illustrating the deep emotional and spiritual dimensions of philosophical inquiry. Engaging with mystical traditions can revitalize philosophical practice, providing richer context and meaning to the discipline while suggesting pathways for personal and communal transformation.
Mysticism is a modern word, as Simon Critchley discusses in his tremendous new book, On Mysticism. And its novelty is not a happy intervention in the history of mystics and their significance, Fundamental aspects of the insights pursued by figures such as Mother Julian and Meister Eckhart are obscured by the focus on peak or exceptional experiences. Our discussion seeks to gain a sense of recovery.
We dwell on Mother Julian, in particular, and her idea about sin and suffering, weal and woe, and what she really meant by all shall be well.
We think about the role of surrender in psychotherapy, writing and music, and the role of what Simone Weil called “decreation”.
We ask about how philosophy might move on from “bloodless critique” to “watering flowers”.
I think On Mysticism is a great book. It manifests the attention that it advocates and the revelations that come with active waiting.
0:00 What is mysticism, what is it not? 12:02 The role of experience in mysticism 23:49 Mother Julian on hazelnuts 35:57 Mysticism and psychotherapy 41:09 Mother Julian’s truly radical theology 45:58 Universalism and the mystical way 57:40 Selfhood and surrender 01:12:57 Socrates the mystic and modern philosophy
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