John Horgan, "Terrorist Minds: The Psychology of Violent Extremism from Al-Qaeda to the Far Right" ( Columbia UP, 2023)
Feb 8, 2024
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John Horgan, leading expert on the psychology of terrorism, discusses the motivations behind becoming a terrorist, the process of deradicalization, and the evolution of terrorism research. The podcast explores the distinction between violent extremists and mass killers, the complexity of understanding terrorism, and the diverse motivations of terrorists. It also examines the factors influencing involvement in extremist groups and the psychological aspects of terrorism.
Terrorism research has evolved over the years, with an increase in scholars studying various types of terrorism and struggling to define the term accurately.
Terrorism is not limited to a specific gender or age group, with diverse individuals from different backgrounds and motivations participating in violent extremism.
Deep dives
The Evolution and Complexity of Terrorism Research
The field of terrorism research has significantly changed over the past 25 years. With fewer scholars studying the subject initially, building networks and understanding the landscape was relatively simple. However, now there are countless researchers and a wide range of terrorism types to study. The definition of terrorism itself has become more challenging to ascertain, and distinguishing between violent extremists and mass killers without political or religious agendas can be difficult.
The Role of Ideology in Distinguishing Terrorists
Ideology is the defining feature that separates terrorists from other groups engaging in violence. This organized set of beliefs, shared by a group, motivates the use or threat of violence against civilians for social, political, religious, or other ideological agendas. While gangs may possess a less sophisticated ideology, the aspiration to change societal order is narrower compared to the broader ambitions of terrorist groups.
The Influence of Gender and Recruitment Methods in Terrorism
Terrorism is not limited to a specific gender or age group. Historically, a stereotype of terrorists being young males has prevailed, but this perception is outdated. Terrorism now involves men, women, and children from diverse backgrounds and motivations. The internet and social media have revolutionized recruitment methods, allowing individuals from anywhere to pledge their allegiance and participate in various ways. Female terrorists have long been present, challenging gender stereotypes and expanding our understanding of the factors that drive individuals towards violent extremism.
What makes a person want to become a terrorist? Who becomes involved in terrorism, and why? In what ways does participating in violent extremism change someone? And how can people become deradicalized?
John Horgan―one of the world’s leading experts on the psychology of terrorism―takes readers on a globe-spanning journey into the terrorist mindset. Drawing on groundbreaking personal interviews as well as decades of research from psychologists and others, he traces the pathways that lead people into violent extremism and explores what happens to them as their involvement deepens. Horgan provides an up-to-date, evidence-based understanding of the patterns, motives, and mentalities of violent extremists from the Islamic State and al-Shabaab to white supremacists and incels. He argues that there is not a straightforward psychological profile of a terrorist, in part because of the great variety of today’s extremists, who are able to attract a more diverse pool of recruits than ever before. But even though there is no one-size-fits-all profile, psychological study can provide crucial insight into why and how people become terrorists.