Accelerating the Energy Transition with Repurposed Energy
Feb 20, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Alexandra Klass, a law professor at the University of Michigan, explores the innovative concept of 'repurposed energy.' She highlights how redirecting clean energy projects to abandoned fossil fuel sites can ease community resistance and accelerate the energy transition. Klass delves into significant provisions from the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law that support this approach. She also offers impactful policy recommendations to enhance clean energy development in legacy energy communities.
Utilizing repurposed energy by developing renewable projects on abandoned fossil fuel sites can mitigate local opposition and accelerate clean energy deployment.
The support from the Inflation Reduction Act and the need for enhanced community engagement are crucial for advancing repurposed energy initiatives nationwide.
Deep dives
Concerns Over Electric Grid Reliability
The reliability of the U.S. electric grid is increasingly threatened by various climate-related events, such as extreme weather conditions and wildfires. Additionally, the accelerated retirement of fossil fuel power plants, especially coal-fired generators that were previously the primary energy source, raises concerns about meeting future electricity demands. There is an urgent need to transition to renewable energy sources to ensure grid reliability while also combating climate change. This transition, however, is complicated by permitting delays for renewable energy projects, which can hinder development efforts.
Defining and Promoting Repurposed Energy
Repurposed energy refers to the development of renewable energy on lands that have previously been distressed or underutilized, such as closed landfills, coal mines, and abandoned industrial properties. This approach aims to alleviate community opposition to renewable energy projects, addressing resistance that arises from local skepticism towards change. By focusing on lands that are not currently productive, repurposed energy can provide economic benefits to communities and transform previously detrimental sites into productive resources. The promotion of such projects could pave the way for acceptance of renewable energy developments across the political spectrum.
Land Use and Its Implications for Clean Energy
Transitioning to a 100% clean energy grid by 2035 requires a significant amount of land, estimated at about 6% of U.S. territory, but much of this can potentially be sourced from repurposed lands. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory indicates that direct land impacts might only cover 0.44% if wind turbine spacing is considered, suggesting that a larger portion of land can remain in agricultural use. Adequate availability of repurposed lands aligns with studies indicating that about 11% of U.S. land qualifies as marginal land, suitable for renewable energy projects. These findings imply a promising potential to utilize existing lands for clean energy infrastructure without competing significantly with other land uses.
Overcoming Barriers and Encouraging Development
Legal and regulatory challenges, particularly concerning liability for contamination, pose hurdles to developing renewable energy on repurposed lands. However, existing protections and incentives, including grants and tax credits from the Inflation Reduction Act, could facilitate clean energy projects on these sites. Additionally, the necessity for community engagement through benefit agreements is critical for securing local support and ensuring that the broader community also gains from such developments. Policymakers are encouraged to streamline permitting processes, enhance community benefits, and prioritize repurposed energy projects to accelerate the shift towards renewable energy.
Local opposition to clean energy projects slows the transition to a low carbon energy system. A legal expert explores how a national policy of “repurposed energy” could speed things up.
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Clean energy infrastructure projects often face opposition from communities where they would be built, a fact that stands in the way of efforts to rapidly lower energy-sector carbon emissions.
Alexandra Klass, a professor of law at the University of Michigan Law School, explores how “repurposed energy”, which directs clean energy projects to abandoned fossil fuel sites and marginal agricultural lands, can effectively counter local opposition and accelerate clean energy development. She also discusses key provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law that support the development of clean energy in legacy energy communities, and offers recommendations for policy to support repurposed energy nationwide.
Alexandra Klass is the James G. Degnan professor of law at the University of Michigan Law School, and a visiting scholar at the Kleinman Center for Energy Policy. Her recent work has focused on repurposed energy and policy recommendations to make it reality.