Boomtown Follow-up: The One-Two Punch | Chapter 12
Apr 30, 2020
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Bethany McLean, author of "Saudi America" and a financial journalist specializing in the oil and gas sector, joins the discussion on the unprecedented oil price collapse on April 20, 2020. She reveals how the pandemic and geopolitical tensions led to negative oil prices, a chilling first in history. The conversation touches on the fragility of fracking companies, the human impact of massive job losses, and the necessity for Saudi Arabia to diversify economically. McLean emphasizes the looming challenges for the industry and explores avenues for recovery through renewable energy.
The unprecedented drop in oil prices on April 20, 2020, highlighted the fragility of the shale industry's business model amid market instability.
Severe job losses in the oil sector reflect the deep personal and economic impacts caused by the pandemic and fluctuating oil prices.
Deep dives
Global Market Impact of COVID-19
The financial markets have experienced significant turmoil due to the coronavirus pandemic, exemplified by the Dow's record drop of 2,000 points. This decline is heavily influenced by a major conflict between Saudi Arabia and Russia, which led to a dramatic fall in oil prices after both countries increased supply amidst collapsing demand. As lockdowns and travel bans spread globally, the demand for oil diminished sharply, resulting in prices plunging by 30% in a single day. This situation highlighted the interconnectedness of health crises and economic stability, showing that the ripple effects can lead to catastrophic outcomes across various industries.
Historical Oil Price Collapse
April 20 marked an unprecedented day in the oil markets when the price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate Crude fell to negative levels for the first time in history. Key factors driving this historic drop included an oversupply of oil resulting from fracking, combined with the lack of available storage as many traders panicked about taking physical delivery of oil. Industry experts highlight that panic selling occurred as the futures contracts were set to expire, forcing sellers to offload at any cost, even paying someone to take the oil. This catastrophic event underscores the vulnerability of the shale industry and the drastic consequences of fluctuating market forces.
Employment Crisis in the Oil Industry
The oil and gas industry has faced severe job losses amid the collapse in oil prices, with nearly 50,000 jobs shed from the oil field services sector alone. Major companies, such as Weatherford International, have announced significant layoffs, triggering widespread despair among workers who have suddenly gone from promotions to layoffs in a matter of weeks. Many employees are struggling with the mental and financial toll of this crisis as they adapt to losing their jobs during an already challenging time due to the pandemic. This disruption reflects not only the personal impact on individual workers but also the broader implications for local economies heavily reliant on the oil industry.
Future of the Fracking Industry
The fracking industry, previously buoyed by a boom in production and low-interest rates, now faces an uncertain future marred by financial instability and increasing scrutiny from investors. Concerns have risen around the sustainability of the industry's business model which, despite high production rates, has failed to generate profits and led to accumulating debt. Observers predict that any recovery in the industry will depend on technological advancements that lower operational costs, along with potential government intervention. As the world increasingly shifts towards renewable energy, the fracking industry’s viability remains in question, with stakeholders debating its long-term feasibility.
Christian Wallace talks to some familiar faces from the Boomtown series in an attempt to understand what happened on April 20, 2020—when oil prices went negative for the first time in history.