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Framework for Diagnosing Anemia
- Use a stepwise framework for anemia diagnosis: check isolated anemia versus pancytopenia, onset speed, age, MCV, and reticulocyte count.
- These factors help narrow a broad anemia differential and guide further testing and management.
Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia often stems from chronic bleeding, increased demand, or malabsorption.
- Treat with oral iron initially, escalating to IV iron for malabsorption or urgent correction needs.
Causes of Macrocytic Anemia
- Macrocytic anemia with normal reticulocytes suggests hypoproliferative anemia.
- Elevated MCV typically results from B12 or folate deficiency, alcohol use, medication toxicity, or bone marrow disorders.