David Anthony Basham, "Paul, the Temple, and Building a Metaphor" (Bloomsbury, 2024)
Jan 21, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, David Anthony Basham, Assistant Professor of New Testament at Ashland Theological Seminary and author of "Paul, the Temple, and Building a Metaphor," delves into the transformative use of temple language in Paul's letters. He explores how Paul’s metaphor redefines identity among the Corinthians, viewing themselves as God’s temple. Basham also examines Paul's shifting perspective on the Herodian temple post-conversion and the implications of these ideas for both Jewish and Gentile believers in the early Christian community.
Paul's metaphor of the Corinthians as 'God's temple' transforms their self-perception and communal identity, connecting them deeply to their heritage.
The tension in Paul's relationship with the Jerusalem temple highlights the challenges of including Gentiles within the Jewish sacrificial system, reshaping early Christian inclusivity.
Deep dives
The Unique Perspective of Paul's Temple Metaphor
Paul's use of temple language in his letters to the Corinthians positions the church as a metaphorical temple, which transforms the identity of the Corinthian assembly. By calling them 'Neos Theou', Paul encourages the Corinthians to see themselves as inhabited by the Spirit of God, thereby elevating their status in a profound way. This radical imagery challenges their traditional understandings and connects them to the sacredness of the Jewish temple without the necessity of earthly structures. The metaphor serves not only to reshape their self-perception but also to redefine their communal and spiritual identity in a way that resonates with both their Jewish heritage and their new Christian faith.
Understanding Paul's Relationship with the Herodian Temple
Paul's complicated relationship with the Herodian temple in Jerusalem reflects both his past as a Pharisee and his transformative experience following his conversion. Initially, he likely had a positive connection to the temple, but his devotion to Jesus altered his perspective, inviting scrutiny and misunderstanding from both Jews and Gentiles alike. Paul's arrest illustrates the tension between his teachings about the inclusion of Gentiles and his engagement with the temple sacrificial system, as accusations arose that he was bringing non-Jews into sacred spaces. This conflict highlights the challenge he faced in reconciling the radical implications of his message with existing cultural and religious structures.
The Socio-Religious Context of Paul's Audience
The recipients of Paul's letters, often seen as Gentiles, would have had varying degrees of familiarity with Jewish traditions, which influenced their understanding of his temple metaphor. Paul likely addressed a mix of individuals, including God-fearers who were connected to the synagogue community, thus enabling them to appreciate the significance of being called God's temple. His emphasis on the Spirit's presence among them elevated their status beyond that of uninitiated outsiders, challenging preconceived notions about who could access divine favor. This social dynamic not only demonstrates Paul's pastoral approach but also underscores the inclusive nature of Christianity that emerged in the early church.
When Paul applies temple language to the Corinthians by calling them naos theou (“God’s temple”), he sparks a creative process between the temple and the Corinthian assembly, enabling the Corinthians to see themselves in a new light.