Cognitive scientist Pooja Agarwal discusses the magic of retrieval practice in solidifying learning. She emphasizes the benefits of forgetting as part of the learning process and provides examples of retrieval practice across age groups. The chapter also covers using Google Docs for syllabus organization and anchor links, time-saving software like TextExpander, embracing failure, and recommendations for science resources and nonprofit organizations.
Retrieval practice is a crucial stage of learning that solidifies and enhances knowledge by pulling information out of memory and using it.
Finding a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is critical for effective teaching and learning, and incorporating extrinsic motivators can help encourage student engagement and provide structure.
Deep dives
The Power of Retrieval Practice in Learning
Retrieval practice is a crucial stage of learning that is often overlooked. It involves pulling information out of our memory and using it, which actually solidifies and enhances our learning. While many focus on the initial encoding of information or the storage stage, retrieval practice has been shown to be the most influential in shaping and strengthening our knowledge. Through various examples, such as asking students what they remember from class or discussing favorite memories with an 80-year-old, retrieval practice can be applied in different contexts. Embracing forgetting and normalizing it as part of the learning process is also important. Practical and realistic strategies, like small retrieval activities and using tech tools such as Google Forms or Flip, can facilitate retrieval practice and support effective learning.
Context Matters in Teaching and Learning
The context in which teaching and learning takes place is crucial and affects the art and science of education. Different contexts, such as online learning during the pandemic, require adaptive approaches to ensure effective learning. One should focus on moving beyond the encoding stage and emphasize retrieval practice. For instance, rather than simply reviewing information, asking students to retrieve what they learned from class stimulates deeper processing and strengthens memory. Integrating tech tools like Google Forms can provide flexibility and enable asynchronous retrieval activities. Providing practical strategies that prioritize small, manageable steps and embracing the individual motivations of students can enhance the learning experience.
Balancing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Finding a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in teaching and learning is critical. While intrinsic motivation is driven by personal interest and enjoyment, extrinsic motivation, such as point-based systems or rewards, can also be valuable. Incorporating extrinsic motivators, like assigning points for completion or giving feedback, helps encourage students' engagement and provides structure. By emphasizing the value of learning activities beyond just getting good grades, educators can foster an environment where students are motivated to retrieve and use their knowledge. Recognizing that different students have varying expectations and preferences can inform how we design and approach teaching strategies. It is important to create an environment that allows for experiment, risk-taking, and learning from failure.
Expanding Life Through Learning and Taking Risks
Learning should extend beyond optimization and winning. Embracing the challenge of trying new things and taking risks can enrich our lives and expand our horizons. Rather than focusing solely on being the best at a few things, finding joy in doing things we may not excel at is an important part of personal growth and learning. Taking risks and engaging in activities outside our comfort zone can deepen our understanding and empathy as educators. Emphasizing intrinsic values rather than solely external markers of success, and celebrating learning experiences themselves, helps create a broader and more fulfilling life journey.
