Episode 1, Part I - The State of Soviet History in Georgia with Timothy Blauvelt
Apr 22, 2021
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In this podcast, Professor Timothy Blauvelt discusses the understanding and approach to Soviet history in Georgia. He explores the roles of university and NGO research, as well as his own research on Soviet Georgia and Abkhazia. The podcast also delves into topics such as anti-Soviet memory politics in Georgia, the challenges of teaching Soviet history, and Georgia's relationship with Stalin and the Soviet Union.
The narrative of Georgia's Soviet past differs between politics and universities, with politicians instrumentalizing history for their own agenda while universities face obstacles in conducting rigorous research.
NGOs funded by Western governments shape historical knowledge production in Georgia, prioritizing topics of repression and resistance, distorting the understanding of the Soviet period.
Georgian academia struggles to challenge popular narratives and national assumptions about history due to the perception of history as a means to justify and define the nation, hindering critical examination of myths and assumptions and limiting academia's role in challenging societal mythologies.
Deep dives
Soviet Georgia's Complex Relationship with its Soviet Past
Georgia's Soviet past is remembered and transmitted through various channels, including personal experiences, public holidays, museums, art, literature, and films. However, politics and universities in Georgia present a different narrative. Politicians instrumentalize history for their own ends, reinforcing popular ideas and imbuing them with politics. Universities face hurdles in conducting rigorous research and challenging entrenched narratives. NGOs funded by Western governments shape historical knowledge production in Georgia, emphasizing anti-Soviet memory politics. This focus on victimization and resistance overlooks nuance and complexity. The distortion of history in the NGO sector and the focus on repression and gulags narrows the understanding of the Soviet period. There is a need to expand the understanding of Soviet Georgia, challenge assumptions, and present a more nuanced and comprehensive narrative.
The Influence of NGOs and Western Funding in Shaping Historical Research
Georgia's NGO sector, funded largely by Western governments and international organizations, has become a crucial aspect of the country's economy. However, this dependence on Western funding has shaped the research agenda, narratives of democratization, and policy development in Georgia. NGOs focusing on history and archives tend to prioritize topics of repression and resistance, driven by donor priorities. While some researchers within these organizations genuinely pursue their interests in history, the overall focus remains a result of donor requirements. This distorts the research agenda and narrows the understanding of the Soviet past in Georgia.
The Challenge of Challenging Assumptions in Georgian Academia
Georgian academia faces challenges in challenging assumptions and mythology surrounding the Soviet period. Scholars are discouraged from challenging popular narratives and national assumptions about history. The perception of history as a means to justify and define the nation impedes the critical examination of myths and assumptions. This distorts the understanding of Soviet history and limits the role of academia in challenging societal mythologies. Additionally, the corrupt and multi-tasking nature of academia in post-Soviet Georgia hinders focus on research and teaching. The career choices and multiple responsibilities of scholars affect the quality of education and research in the country.
The Complexities of Soviet Georgian Nationalism
Georgian nationalism and its perception of the Soviet past is influenced by complex factors. The historical significance of Georgia, having a Georgian as the leader of the Soviet Union, and the opportunities for advancement within the Soviet hierarchy present unique challenges. The de-Stalinization and events of 1956 were met with resistance in Georgia, as they implied a reduction in the status and opportunities for Georgian, leading to the radicalization of the Georgian national movement. The understanding of Georgia's position in the Soviet ethnic hierarchy and the perception of privilege or suffering in the Soviet period remains a contentious issue, shaped by geopolitical factors and historical narratives.
The Need for a Shift in Historical Perception and Scholarship in Georgia
To open up the study of the Soviet Union and Soviet Georgia's past, there needs to be a shift in how history is perceived and approached. The role of historians and scholarship should be to challenge assumptions, myths, and national narratives. Embracing nuance and complexity is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the Soviet period. This requires a change in how history is funded, the professionalization of academia, and the recognition that challenging assumptions and engaging in critical research ultimately enriches the study of history and contributes to a more informed society.
Episode 1 - The State of Soviet History in Georgia
In this episode we explore how Soviet History and its legacies in Georgia are generally understood and approached today in academia, politics, the NGO sector and society at large.
In Part I we interview Timothy Blauvelt - professor of History at Ilia State University in Tbilisi, Georgia. Teaching in Georgia for almost 19 years he has produced a range of varied scholarship relating to both Soviet history and in particular Georgia and the South Caucasus on patronage networks in Abkhazia, the 1956 protests in Tbilisi against de-Stalinization, attitudes in Georgia towards the Russian language, and has an upcoming book entitled Clientalism and Nationality in an Early Soviet Fiefdom: The Trials of Nestor Lakoba to be released this year.
We discuss with Timothy the roles and relationship between university research and NGO research on the Soviet past in Georgia as well as Timothy’s own research on Soviet Georgia and Abkhazia as well as the socio-political and academic environments in which this research is received.
In Part II we interview Beka Natsvlishvili, professor and former MP in Georgia to discuss the use of anti-Soviet memory politics in Georgia and the implications this has on political development and debate in the country. Beka shares his own experiences in both the university setting and as a politician in Georgia to shed light on the real uses and misuses of Georgia's Soviet experience and why a reconsideration of Georgia's Soviet past is important for developing a coherent left wing politics today.
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