Jonathan Jong: Religion, Culture, and Your Impending Death
Oct 4, 2019
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Jonathan Jong, a Research Fellow at Coventry University and a Senior Researcher at the Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, dives deep into the intersection of religion and cognitive science. He explores how our cognitive mechanisms shape religious beliefs and the evolutionary origins of faith. Jong discusses the importance of humility in theological discussions and the role of cultural context in understanding divine revelation. He also tackles the impact of awareness of mortality on human behavior, advocating for open conversations about death within communities.
Dr. Jonathan Jong emphasizes the need to differentiate between the components of religion—belief, belonging, and behaving—to accurately understand its origins.
Jong suggests that cognitive science and spiritual experiences can coexist, urging a complementary approach between faith and empirical understanding.
Through terror management theory, Jong highlights how mortality awareness influences behavior and encourages open discussions about death to foster healthier spirituality.
Deep dives
Introduction to Jonathan Jeong's Background
Jonathan Jeong embodies a unique blend of roles as both a scientist and a minister, which provides him a distinct perspective in the study of religion. Growing up in Malaysia, a country rich in religious diversity yet with a non-religious family background, Jeong converted to Christianity as a teenager, leading him to pursue a career in experimental psychology for its potential to inform his future ministry. His academic credentials include being a research fellow at Coventry University and a senior researcher specializing in the cognitive and evolutionary anthropology of religion at Oxford University. Jeong’s work primarily focuses on connecting psychological insights with the philosophical underpinnings of religious beliefs, making him a significant contributor to the discourse on the cognitive science of religion.
Understanding the Origins of Religion
Jeong highlights the importance of distinguishing between various aspects of religion—belief, belonging, and behaving—in understanding its origins. He explains that the emergence of organized religion can be misunderstood if one does not accurately define what constitutes 'religion,' suggesting that many evolutionary advantages may not be categorized as formal religions. For instance, he illustrates how behaviors perceived as worship in early human societies have roots in the basic human tendencies toward social bonding and understanding agency in the world around them. This discussion invites a reevaluation of how broadly or narrowly we define religious behavior, emphasizing that a more expansive view may suggest that elements of religiosity have existed long before established religious traditions.
Cognitive Science and Religious Belief
Jeong emphasizes that understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind religious beliefs does not negate their significance or their divine origins. Instead, he encourages an exploration of how human cognition interacts with spiritual experiences, positing that both aspects can coexist harmoniously. For example, when discussing God’s revelations to figures like Abraham and Muhammad, Jeong stresses the importance of understanding the human cognitive processes that enable recognition of these experiences rather than dismissing the experiences themselves. By viewing religious and scientific inquiry as complementary rather than contradictory, Jeong aims to bridge the gap between faith and empirical understanding.
The Relationship Between Mortality and Human Behavior
Through his research on terror management theory, Jeong delves into how awareness of mortality shapes human behavior, particularly in relation to religious belief and values. He notes that when individuals are confronted with their mortality, they often express heightened nationalism, desire for fame, and other behaviors that may appear as defensive mechanisms against death anxiety. Jeong’s perspective suggests that engaging with the reality of death can lead to healthier expressions of spirituality if approached thoughtfully. He advocates for open dialogues about death through initiatives like 'death cafes,' where community members can explore their feelings about death in non-threatening, supportive environments.
The Role of Rituals and Texts in Religious Identity
Jeong discusses the significance of rituals and communal practices that anchor individuals within a religious tradition. He observes that active participation in rituals—be it Eucharist, baptism, or other acts—creates a shared identity among believers and reinforces their commitment to the faith. Simultaneously, he points out the need for nuanced understanding and critical engagement with religious texts and beliefs, suggesting that congregants should approach their faith as a dynamic conversation rather than rigid doctrines. This active engagement not only enriches religious life but also fosters a deeper connection between personal spirituality and communal practices.
Dr. Jonathan Jong is a Research Fellow at Coventry University, and Deputy Director of the Brain, Belief and Behaviour group there. He is also a Senior Researcher at the Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford. Most of his current research is on the psychology of religion and the philosophical issues associated with the scientific study of religion. The Doctor is also a Reverend and Associate Priest at the parish church of St Mary Magdalen, Oxford and the Web Editor for the St Mary Magdalen School of Theology.
In this conversation we talked about...
what is the scientific study of religion?
what of religion is available to science?
the role of humility in theological speculation
how does cognitive science describe the origin of religion?
what are the two big approaches to understanding the evolutionary origin of religion?
how the relationship of our cognitive mechanisms and culture work together
the role and function of culture in shaping humanity's religious disposition
the problem of assessing a Christian account of theism with cognitive science
how does a historically situated account of revelation impact the way you understand revelation?
we discuss the role of reading and ritual experience in shaping the content of faith
how the manner in which you engage the scripture changes the text itself
what does cognitive psychology teach us about passing on the faith?
is God real?
"I think the church leadership has not woken up to the fact we don't live in the Middle Ages anymore."
what are the ethical challenges raised by the cultural appropriation of mindfulness meditation?