In this enlightening discussion, Dr. Felix Flicker, a theoretical physicist from the University of Bristol, and Professor Stuart Reid from the University of Strathclyde delve deep into the fascinating world of mirrors. They explore how subatomic interactions create reflections, the role of astonishing reflective films in devices, and the precision behind the $2 million mirrors at LIGO. The episode wraps up with amusing insights into how a pint behaves in space, highlighting the quirky side of physics!
The distinction between shine and reflectivity highlights mirrors' ability to bounce light effectively, surpassing the brilliance of objects like diamonds.
Advanced engineering techniques, such as creating the Enhanced Specular Reflector, demonstrate how multi-layer materials can revolutionize light efficiency in modern devices.
Deep dives
Exploring Shiny Objects
The question posed by a nine-year-old about the shiniest object in the universe leads to a discussion about various candidates. Diamonds are mentioned for their brilliance, but the conversation shifts toward the reflective qualities of mirrors, grounding the notion of shine in terms of reflectivity. This distinction between 'shiny' and 'bright' becomes pivotal, as the focus moves from the inherent shine of objects like diamonds to the reflective surfaces of mirrors, which can bounce back light effectively. Guests with expertise in optics are introduced to provide a deeper understanding of the properties that define various 'shiny' substances.
The Color of Mirrors
An intriguing exploration of what color mirrors are ensues, with the theoretical physicist presenting the argument that mirrors may not have a definitive color like traditional objects. Instead, mirrors reflect the colors surrounding them, often appearing silver due to the metal coating behind a glass layer. A hands-on experiment with two mirrors demonstrates that the surface quality affects light perceptions, making reflections appear darker with successive bounces. The discussion dives into the physics behind light interaction with metallic surfaces, revealing the complexities of reflectivity and what we perceive as color.
Advanced Reflective Technologies
The conversation introduces a novel material called the Enhanced Specular Reflector, a multi-layer optical film that boasts near-perfect reflectivity. This innovative product, made of hundreds of extremely thin plastic layers, is used in devices like smartphones to maximize light efficiency and energy usage. Unlike traditional mirrors, this film enhances the display's brightness without significant energy loss. The discussion reveals how advanced engineering integrates materials science to achieve this impressive level of reflectivity, challenging the traditional concepts of shininess.
Gravitational Waves and Light
The use of highly reflective mirrors in scientific instruments such as LIGO illustrates another application of mirrors in detecting gravitational waves. These specialized mirrors, coated with multiple layers to achieve about 99.999% reflectivity, allow precise measurements over vast distances as light bounces back and forth between them. The spacious layout of the LIGO setup provides the necessary conditions for detecting minute changes in space-time, emphasizing the significance of mirror quality in scientific research. This blend of advanced physics and practical applications highlights the role mirrors play not just in reflection, but in groundbreaking scientific discoveries.
9 year old listener Koby sends Hannah and Dara on a mission to find the shiniest thing in the world. And so they enter a world of mirrors…
The journey takes them into the subatomic goings on of shiny metal surfaces, where electrons waggle and dance and send light waves back at *just* the right angle. Our curious duo play with an astonishingly reflective plastic film that can be found hidden in devices we all use. And they probe the mysterious power of refraction, harnessed to make the $2 million mirrors which reflect the lasers at the huge LIGO experiment.
And everyone ponders the surprisingly reflective properties of a pint in space.
Contributors:
Dr Felix Flicker: University of Bristol, author of The Magick of Matter
Professor Stuart Reid: University of Strathclyde
Quinn Sanford: optical engineer from 3M
GariLynn Billingsley: Optical Sciences Group Leader at LIGO
Producer: Ilan Goodman
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production
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