Economist Amartya Sen, politician Boris Johnson, political commentator Andrew Marr, and writer Ahdaf Soueif join Neil MacGregor in exploring powerful rulers from 2000 years ago. The podcast discusses the projection of power through objects like coins depicting Alexander the Great, the significance of imagery in ancient art and coinage, the challenges of appropriating past leaders in democratic cultures, and upcoming episodes on the Rosetta Stone and the emperor Ashoka.
Coins minted by leaders throughout history, like Alexander the Great and Chairman Mao, have been used to convey authority and shape public perception.
Leaders have often used the image and reputation of past rulers, such as King Lysimachus' coin featuring Alexander the Great, to boost their own legitimacy and authority in the present.
Deep dives
The Power of Images in Shaping Authority
Coins minted by leaders like Alexander the Great and Chairman Mao showcase how images on currency can convey authority and shape public perception. In the ancient world, Alexander's coin, with his idealized profile and ram's horns symbolizing divinity, asserted dominion over Greeks and Egyptians, blurring the line between man and god. Similarly, Chairman Mao's portrait on Chinese currency serves to remind people of the Communist Party's achievements and unify the nation under his authority. These examples highlight the long history of leaders employing images on currency to stamp their authority on the minds of their subjects.
Appropriating the Past for Political Gain
Through coins featuring his image, King Lysimachus attempts to appropriate the glory and authority associated with Alexander the Great after his death. This ancient example of identity theft on a heroic scale demonstrates the desire of leaders to align themselves with the achievements and reputation of great predecessors. Lysimachus' coin shows how leaders throughout history have used the image of past rulers to boost their own legitimacy and authority in the present, forging a connection to a revered figure to gain public support.
The Enduring Influence of Dead Reputations
Dead rulers continue to exert influence through their presence on currency and their association with stability, legitimacy, and unquestionable authority. The example of Mao on Chinese banknotes and George Washington on American currency highlights how modern regimes leverage the reputation of past leaders to bolster their own credibility. However, appropriating the reputation of past leaders is a more challenging endeavor in democratic societies, as their changing perspectives and actions can be critically scrutinized. Nevertheless, the tactic of harnessing the authority of dead rulers remains a powerful political tool for leaders worldwide.
Another chance to hear the first programmes in the second part of Neil MacGregor's global history told through objects from the British Museum. This week Neil is exploring the lives and methods of powerful rulers around the world 2000 years ago, asking what enduring qualities are needed for the perfect projection of power.
Contributors include the economist Amartya Sen, the politician Boris Johnson, political commentator Andrew Marr and the writer Ahdaf Soueif.
Neil begins by telling the story of Alexander the Great through a small silver coin, one that was made years after his death but that portrays an idealised image of the great leader as a vigorous young man. Neil then considers how the great Indian ruler Ashoka turned his back on violence and plunder to promote the ethical codes inspired by Buddhism. Neil tells the life story of Ashoka through a remaining fragment of one of his great pillar edicts and considers his legacy in the Indian sub-continent today. The third object in today's omnibus is one of the best known in the British Museum, the Rosetta Stone. Neil takes us to the Egypt of Ptolemy V and describes the astonishing contest that led to the most famous bits of deciphering in history - the cracking of the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone. An exquisite lacquer wine cup takes Neil to Han Dynasty China in the fourth programme and the omnibus concludes with the 2000 year old head of one of the world's most notorious rulers - Caesar Augustus.
Producers: Anthony Denselow and Paul Kobrak.
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