Kathy High, MD, a pioneer in gene therapy and former president of Spark Therapeutics, shares her inspiring journey from working with hemophilia to advancing retinal disease treatments. Joined by Hans-Peter Kiem, MD, PhD, they delve into the challenges of developing gene therapies, including the complexities of AAV vectors and the hurdles of clinical trials for children. They also discuss recent innovations like synthetic AAVs, the importance of collaboration in biotech research, and offer wisdom for early-career hematologists pursuing their passions.
Dr. Kathy High's interdisciplinary background in chemistry and medicine has been essential in advancing gene therapy from research to clinical applications.
Current innovations in gene therapy, such as synthetic AAV libraries and gene editing technologies, promise to enhance treatment efficacy and address key challenges.
Deep dives
Early Interests in Science and Medicine
Dr. Kathy Hye's early fascination with science was significantly influenced by her family's background, particularly her grandfather, a chemist. She developed an interest in chemistry at a young age, spurred by receiving a chemistry set from Santa Claus, which led her to a major in chemistry at Harvard. Initially uncertain about her career path, she contemplated both graduate school and medical school, ultimately deciding to pursue medicine after working in a research lab at Mass General that focused on metabolic disorders. This foundation in chemistry and her experiences in the lab solidified her commitment to a career where she could merge her scientific knowledge with medicine.
Transition to Gene Therapy Research
After completing her medical training, Dr. Hye focused her research on hematology and gene therapy, particularly in hemophilia. She started investigating mutations causing hemophilia B and utilized canine models while pioneering techniques in gene transfer using various vectors, eventually honing in on adeno-associated virus (AAV) technology. Her early experiments in gene therapy faced numerous challenges, including the limited understanding of gene delivery and immune responses, but she remained determined as she navigated her academic and research careers. Dr. Hye's interdisciplinary background allowed her to play a pivotal role in the transition from laboratory research to clinical applications, thus contributing significantly to the field of gene therapy.
Collaborative Efforts and Clinical Trials
Dr. Hye’s collaboration with her colleagues was critical in advancing AAV gene therapy trials. Initially applying AAV for mouse models, she expanded her research to include canine models and eventually human trials, facing various hurdles regarding safety and efficacy. A notable challenge occurred during the early human trials when an unexpected immune response led to temporary setbacks; however, systematic research and adaptation allowed her team to amend protocols and ensure patient safety. Through iterative experimentation and a focus on collaborative research, she was able to regain momentum and move forward with trials that demonstrated promising results for patients.
Vision for the Future of Gene Therapy
Looking ahead, Dr. Hye addresses the ongoing challenges and opportunities in the field of gene therapy, specifically the human immune response and manufacturing constraints. Innovations such as synthetic AAV libraries offer new avenues for enhancing efficacy while reducing dosage requirements, which is particularly vital for treating conditions like Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Additionally, she expresses excitement about the advancements in gene editing technologies, which may provide complementary solutions to existing challenges in gene therapy. Dr. Hye's insights reflect a forward-thinking perspective on the potential for broader treatment applications and the ongoing evolution of gene therapy as a transformative medical approach.
Kathy High, MD, shares her personal and scientific journey, from hemophilia to retinal disease, during her one-on-one conversation with American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy President Hans-Peter Kiem, MD, PhD, in the second episode of ASGCT's Giants of Gene Therapy.
Dr. High is the president of therapeutics at AskBio. Before that, she was the co-founder, president, and head of research and development at Spark Therapeutics, where she oversaw the development, approval, and launch of Luxturna, the first AAV gene therapy approved for use in the United States.
Dr. High has published extensively in the space of gene therapy and received many highly prestigious awards for her work. She is also a past president of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy.