Episode 136 | Free Amino Nitrogen (FAN) w/ Dr. Glen Fox
Dec 6, 2023
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Dr. Glen Fox, Anheuser-Busch Professor of Malting and Brewing Sciences at UC Davis, joins to discuss Free Amino Nitrogen (FAN) in beer. They explore its role in brewing, yeast fermentation, and the impact of malting and mashing processes on FAN levels. Measuring FAN is important for flavor and quality, and they discuss the effect of enzymes on FAN levels during mashing. Also, storage proteins and future studies on FAN are mentioned.
Free amino nitrogen (FAN) is essential for yeast health and fermentation in beer.
The mashing process and ingredients like hops can influence FAN levels in beer.
Monitoring and managing FAN levels in beer is crucial for optimal beer quality and stability.
Deep dives
Understanding Free Amino Nitrogen (FAN)
Free amino nitrogen (FAN) is the term used to describe the amino acids that are free in malt and wort. It includes amino acids as well as dipeptides and tripeptides. FAN is essential for yeast health and fermentation. It is primarily derived from the breakdown of storage proteins in the malt during the malting process and can also come from hops and other ingredients used in brewing. Measuring FAN levels in beer can provide insights into potential off-flavors and quality issues.
Impact of Mashing and Process Conditions
The mashing process can have a significant impact on FAN levels in beer. Different mashing conditions, such as temperature and duration, can affect the hydrolysis of proteins and the release of amino acids. Mashing at lower temperatures and longer times allows more enzymes to work, resulting in higher FAN levels. In contrast, mashing at higher temperatures denatures enzymes, leading to lower FAN levels. Other factors like hopping rates and dry hopping can also contribute to FAN levels in beer.
Managing FAN Levels and Quality Control
Brewers can manage FAN levels by examining their malt quality, adjusting mashing conditions, and considering the impact of ingredients like hops and adjuncts. Monitoring FAN levels throughout the brewing process, including raw ingredients, mash, and fermentation, can help identify potential issues. High FAN levels in finished beer may increase the risk of off-flavors and stability problems, making it crucial for brewers to monitor and control these levels for optimal beer quality.
The Importance of Measuring Fan Levels in Beer
Fan, or free amino nitrogen, is a crucial nutrient for yeast during fermentation. It is obtained from the malt and plays a role in yeast growth and protein synthesis. Although fan levels are commonly measured in malt, it is important for brewers to also measure fan in finished beer. This is because the yeast excretes amino acids during fermentation, leading to higher fan levels in the beer than in the malt. Understanding fan levels in beer can provide insights into yeast health, fermentation dynamics, and potential risks of staling and off-flavors.
The Impact of Fan on Beer Quality
Fan levels in beer can influence both positive and negative attributes. On the positive side, fan acts as a nutrient for yeast, supporting their growth and fermentation performance. However, certain amino acids in fan can contribute to off-flavors and staling compounds in beer over time. For example, valine is linked to diacetyl formation, while blue scene is involved in the production of higher alcohols. Additionally, proline, an amino acid that can increase under stress conditions, can impact the shelf stability of hoppy beers. Understanding fan levels allows brewers to assess the risk of potential quality issues and make informed decisions to optimize beer stability and flavor.
Dr. Glen Fox, Anheuser-Busch Endowed Professor of Malting and Brewing Sciences at UC Davis, joins Cade in the lab to discuss free amino nitrogen (FAN) and the impact its presence has on beer.
The Brü Lab is brought to you by Imperial Yeast who provide brewers with the most viable and fresh yeast on the market. Learn more about what Imperial Yeast has to offer at ImperialYeast.com today.
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