The ANA: A History

The ANA had difficulty collecting dues, held sparsely attended meetings and got little attention in the press. In part, this was owing to the fact that Crummell died almost as soon as the academy was born. He was succeeded by Dubois, which sounds quite promising until you realize how busy he was with his academic and writing career. The ANA languished under his stewardship before passing to its third and most successful president, Archibald Grimke. During the Grimke years, the group had already fallen well short of Cromwell's original vision but that was a boom time compared to the final eight years.