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The Constraints of the Market
Firms have to accept the market. The demand for any commodities are downward sloping, meaning the higher the price the firm charges, the less it will be able to sell. Even a monopolist knows it will lose sales when it raises price and it's going to choose some balance between higher price per unit and number of units it sells in setting its pulse. Finally, constraints for government. I alluded to it a little bit already. That's obviously raised revenue by taxing or borrowing. Lots of people think that government expenditure can do all sorts of beneficial things. Billions and examples.