Since the handover, more than one million mainlanders have migrated to hong kong. This scheme of migration was also used by the chinese government to secretly send tens of thousands of mainland officials to hongkong and eventually rise up through the civil service. By the time china imposed this security law on hongKong, there was no doubt about the loyalty of the security apparatus in the city. And so that has been a really, really important element of how china as crushed hong KONG.