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5: Vikings, Slavers, Lawgivers: The Kyiv State
The Making of Modern Ukraine
The Difference Between Byzantium and Constantinople
The word for ruler in much of Eastern Europe is Tsar, which comes from Caesar. That's the Byzantine tradition. From the point of view of Byzantium, there's an unbroken succession of legitimate Roman emperors and they refer to themselves as the Romans. The Slavs are an object of direct and explicit competition between these two powers. Both of them are in a Europe which is pushing into the pagan world. There are the Scandinavians to be converted,. There are the Celts to be converted; And there are the Slavs to be converted.
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