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Population Growth and Technological Change, 1 Million BC to 1990
In a paper called Population Growth and Technological Change, 1 million BC to 1990, Simon Kramer finds that as the population increases, economic growth also increases. In other tests, you find that there's faster growth when the population is higher. And then in another test of the same hypothesis, Kramer compares the population density and economic growth rates across different geographic regions that were historically isolated from each other. The crowded areas have higher population growth, which again, supports the idea that it is technological innovation.