Hawking: In quantum field theory, you're integrating over the space of all possible metrics. And now these metrics are Euclidean metrics rather than spacetime metrics. Half of it is this rotation from real time to imaginary time. The other half is in the context of quantum cosmology dramatically cutting down on the number of degrees of freedom that you're considering by just assuming that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic - called mini super space models.

Get the Snipd
podcast app

Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
App store bannerPlay store banner

AI-powered
podcast player

Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features

Discover
highlights

Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode

Save any
moment

Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways

Share
& Export

Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more

AI-powered
podcast player

Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features

Discover
highlights

Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode