The Duality of German Influence in Ukraine

This chapter examines the intricate dynamics of German foreign policy towards Ukraine during the Russian Civil War, focusing on the experiences of the Jewish population in Kiev. It contrasts the earlier German occupation that offered some stability with the exploitation faced by Ukrainians, and highlights the catastrophic pogroms that decimated Jewish communities. Additionally, it discusses the advocacy for self-defense among Jews as a response to escalating violence, underscoring the complex interplay of historical events and identity in the region.