Management of Chronic Low Back Pain

This chapter delves into the comprehensive evaluation and management of chronic low back pain in adults, underlining the necessity of differentiating it from self-limited pain. It discusses the importance of red and yellow flags in identifying urgent issues and risk factors, respectively, and advises on conducting a focused neuromuscular exam to assess nerve roots and specific movements. The chapter also explores non-pharmacologic treatments like physical therapy and modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medications, advocating for NSAIDs over acetaminophen, cautioning against long-term opioid use, and touching upon procedural interventions and surgical consultations.