In 1998 Andy Clark and David Chalmers read a paper called The Extended Mind thesis. They said that when people lose a spouse with whom they've cohabitated for decades it can feel like you've lost a portion of yourself. We now know that if we're separated from our iPhones or smartphones that we're we feel debilitated right? Because because of the persistent proximity of these devices we have basically all of Google Wikipedia everything else is right here all the time, Rufus says.