Russ: How do you balance the holistic or what I call the complexity of the human body when different aspects of specialization interact in not always well anticipated ways by specialists? He asks how does a hospital keep one specialist from doing something that looks very good for the liver or the kidney but isn't so good for the rest of the body. Russ: The system rewards specialty training, and there's such a proliferation of medical knowledge that the generalist position is now more and more dependent on either the specialist to whom he or she might refer.