What is a Causal Risk Factor? (AMA with Alan)
Sigma Nutrition Radio
The Effects of LDL Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Risk
The strongest in terms of strength of evidence would come from genetic studies. If you lower LDL, independent of the effect of other modifying factors, you will have a reduction in cardiovascular risk. So for example, if you lower LDL cholesterol in someone that has high inflammation, you still lower their cardiovascular risk even if inflammation doesn't change. And this, along with some other factors, suggests that LDL is the causal pathway.
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