Historical Barriers and Power Dynamics of Jews in Russia

This chapter explores the historical obstacles that Jews faced in Russia, particularly through the Zemstvo system and legislative restrictions in the 1890s that excluded them from governmental roles. It examines the socio-political implications of these limitations on both Jewish citizens and the broader societal context, including their relationship with the peasantry. The discussion highlights the complexities of Jewish identity, emigration patterns, and the impact of external pressures on U.S. foreign policy in relation to Jewish communities.