What Are the 4F Trauma Responses (Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fawn)

Childhood trauma can turn into CPTSD which has pervasive symptoms throughout your life, but you can learn to heal from childhood trauma.

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Emotional Flashbacks video: https://youtu.be/oVLHysMGi8o?si=oJZy76o957LNranw

Relationships after Childhood Trauma: Coming soon

Complex PTSD: From Surviving to Thriving by Pete Walker is a compassionate, practical guide for understanding and healing childhood trauma, CPTSD, and complex trauma. Walker explains how chronic abuse or neglect in childhood wires the nervous system for danger, leading to symptoms like emotional flashbacks, toxic shame, harsh inner critic attacks, and difficulty with boundaries. He introduces the 4F survival responses—fight, flight, freeze, and fawn—showing how they develop as protective adaptations to childhood trauma but can block healthy adult relationships. Healing, he says, begins with recognizing emotional flashbacks, shrinking the inner critic, and practicing self-compassion through “reparenting” the inner child. Walker emphasizes building healthy boundaries, grieving childhood losses, and replacing self-abandonment with self-protection. His approach blends psychoeducation, practical tools, and validation, empowering survivors to reclaim self-worth, safety, and connection. Ultimately, the book offers a hopeful roadmap for healing complex trauma—moving from a life shaped by survival to one grounded in presence, love, and resilience.

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Therapy in a Nutshell and the information provided by Emma McAdam are solely intended for informational and entertainment purposes and are not a substitute for advice, diagnosis, or treatment regarding medical or mental health conditions. Although Emma McAdam is a licensed marriage and family therapist, the views expressed on this site or any related content should not be taken for medical or psychiatric advice. Always consult your physician before making any decisions related to your physical or mental health. In therapy I use a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systems Theory, positive psychology, and a bio-psycho-social approach to treating mental illness and other challenges we all face in life. The ideas from my videos are frequently adapted from multiple sources. Many of them come from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, especially the work of Steven Hayes, Jason Luoma, and Russ Harris. The sections on stress and the mind-body connection derive from the work of Stephen Porges (the Polyvagal theory), Peter Levine (Somatic Experiencing) Francine Shapiro (EMDR), and Bessel Van Der Kolk. I also rely heavily on the work of the Arbinger Institute for my overall understanding of our ability to choose our life's direction.

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