The Importance of a High Index of Suspicion in Diagnosing CTF

The only one that has been associated with the development of CTF is the antiphospholipid syndrome lupus anticoagulum. Screening consists of ventilation perfusion scan and an echocardiogram. And then confirmatory testing with some form of pulmonary angiography, either CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography to confirm chronic thrombrombolic disease. Right heart catheterization to confirm pulmonary hypertension.