A new editorial perspective was published in Oncotarget's Volume 14 on March 21, 2023, entitled, “Cancer-associated fibroblasts: challenges and opportunities.” Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a type of cell that plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment. While these cells have been extensively studied, their precise role in cancer development and progression is still not fully understood. In this new editorial perspective, researchers Hossein Tavana and Gary D. Luker from The University of Akron and the University of Michigan provide a comprehensive overview of CAFs, including the origins, characteristics, heterogeneity, and functions of CAFs, as well as CAFs in the detection and treatment of cancer. The authors suggest that a deeper understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts is crucial for the development of effective cancer therapies. They note that these cells are involved in a variety of important processes, including tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune evasion. However, targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts has proven to be a challenging task, in part because of their complex and multifaceted nature. Despite these challenges, the researchers are optimistic about the future of research into CAFs. They note a number of studies targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in emerging therapies. The authors conclude by emphasizing that a deeper understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the tumor microenvironment could ultimately lead to the development of personalized therapies that are tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient's cancer. “Delineating cross-talk of CAFs with cancer cells and other stromal cells, uncovering the role of CAFs in resistance to chemotherapies and immunotherapies, addressing challenges associated with CAFs heterogeneity to develop CAFs subtype-targeted therapies in the context of specific tumor types, and addressing the potential toxicity of such therapies especially when combined with other treatments will expedite the ongoing efforts for the translation of therapies against CAFs.” Editorial perspective: DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28385 Correspondence to: Hossein Tavana - tavana@uakron.edu Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor microenvironment, therapeutic targeting About Oncotarget Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed. On September 15, 2022, Oncotarget was accepted again for indexing by MEDLINE. Oncotarget is now indexed by Medline/PubMed and PMC/PubMed. To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/oncotarget Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Media Contact MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM 18009220957