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The Evolution of Mutual Aid in Early Human Communities
Kropotkin argued that ethics developed from the conditioning imposed by the reward system that underlies the practice of mutual aid in early human communities. He identified a period of decline in mutual aid emerging in the 15th century when feudal lords began constructing states across Europe. The church sensing the changing social tide lent its support to the already powerful lords, fueling the transition from communalism towards individualism. In kropotkin's conceptualization anarchism is an outgrowth of the natural sciences and embraces the entirety of human social living including their economic political and moral problems he declares in the conquest of red anarchism.