Hegel: Any theory of punishment has to be able to make sense of how we can have a right to inflict suffering on another person. If I have willed my own punishment, consented to it, agreed to it, then even if at the time I happen not to desire it, it can be said that my autonomy and dignity remain intact. In fact, and general will theories and social contract theories try to reconcile these two things. Autonomy with state authority, including like whether the state has a right to punish or not.

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