The End of Alcatraz
History Daily
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The Transformation of Alcatraz: Conscientious Objectors and Military Detention
This chapter examines Alcatraz's evolution from a military outpost to a detention center for conscientious objectors during World War I. Through the story of Philip Grosser, a Ukrainian pacifist facing harsh military discipline for his beliefs, it reveals the tension between individual convictions and wartime pressures.
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