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Mercedes Valmisa, "Adapting: A Chinese Philosophy of Action" (Oxford UP, 2021)

New Books in Chinese Studies

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The Reification of Mean in Chinese Literature

In classical China, many thinkers saw fate as an external thing that opposed the subject. People felt powerless and alienated by fate because there seemed to be nothing they could do against it - except stoically accepting its charge. The way I see it, it was actually a prominent pattern of thinking about fate in early Chinese literature. It generated lots of anxiety and lots of different philosophical questions which mobilized lots of ingenuity,. too, to cope with and overcome the sense of despondency and existential incompetence that it created.

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