One thing I found kind of tricky with teaching AI in particular is that at least the current era of deep learning AI has a lot of empirically motivated, but we don't really know why it works. So often with students, we'd describe like, here is the deep learning recipe for how we currently do this. And if you can't give them a why, it's really frustrating. It just becomes something you have to maybe memorize if it's on a test. "It just doesn't make any sense to have something like that on it," he says.