Africa has to deal with three dimensions of its development trajectory that are very difficult to master, despite doing the right things. One is the large commodity dependence that keeps us from industrializing and making sure we integrate value chains in a much more meaningful way. Second is the fact that we don't really have historically examples of economies that have grown since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century without access to credit and liquidity. And then the third characteristic that really makes Africa suffer more than it should: It's always a terrain for geopolitical football games.

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