The Origins Podcast with Lawrence Krauss cover image

Andy Knoll: The First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth

The Origins Podcast with Lawrence Krauss

00:00

The Chemistry of Zerconium, Silicium and Four Oxygens

Oxygen comes in three distinct flavors. A small amount is oxygen 17 with one extra neutron. And using an instrument called a mass spectrometer, you can actually analyze materials and see the ratio of these these ions. In the presence of water, liquid water, that ratio will be different than it is under other circumstances. So they four point four billion years. Within o million years of the earth forming, which is amazing.

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