Speaker 1
Experimentation does happen, but it's about the details of those compromises. It happens when the balance of power starts to shift. And there are periods of instability and opportunity for people to obtaina favorable compromise, when people with power are experimenting with ways to hold on to that power or expand their power, and when people without power are experimenting with how to grab more power. And when the balance of forces shifts, norms and values and culture shift as well. In order for people to come to terms with the existing order and to smooth over the tensions inherent in both hierarchy and equality. You don't accept to be a slave cause you're experimenting. You accept it because someone with much more power than you gives you the option to be a slave or to die. You accept male domination because you're in a situation where you either submit to male authority or you get beaten or killed. You accept to work at a crappy job with miserable conditions because your alternatives are to get evicted, or else to take a worse job with crappier conditions. And maybe your culture is feeding you justifications for you deserve to be a slave or a submissive woman or a poor employee. Or maybe you are inventing your own rationalizations for it so that you can stay sane. But those justifications and those rationalizations emerge as an adaptation to material reality, more than they create that material reality. As people who want to make changes to our current political order, what we want to look at are the conditions that give the firo the power to dominate the slave, or that give men power to dominate women, or that give the boss the power to dominate his workers. And we also want to look at the conditions that allow for change to happen. And that's what we're doing here. Now, the idea that material and practical realities shape culture, social structure and ideology might sound like some high falutin, fancy school learning, but it's very basic. And we all know this from personal life experience. Last time, i gave the example of office workers versus artists, where office jobs generate cultures where people repress their feelings, while performance arts environments encourage people to express their feelings openly. This approach to understanding social phenomena has different names. I just call it materialism. Or in our case, when we're looking at politics, you can call it political materialism. But you'll often see terms like historical materialism, cultural materialism, cultural acology, behavior acology, or marxism.