This chapter explores the origins and impact of the frond, a series of conflicts in 17th century France that arose from concerns over the monarchy's power. It discusses the political landscape, negotiations, alliances, and betrayals among the nobility, and ultimately reveals how the frond ended up strengthening support for the monarchy and paving the way for Louis XIV's rule.
Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orleans has been described by historians as having been one of the richest heiresses in history, as an insurgent, as unaccomplished, as an Amazon, as a writer, and as a fool. And she was sort of all of those things.
Research:
- Barine, Arvede, and Helen Meyer. “La Grande Mademoiselle 1627-1652.” Putnam. 1902. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50717/50717-h/50717-h.htm
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orléans, duchess de Montpensier". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Marie-Louise-dOrleans-duchesse-de-Montpensier
- DeJean, Joan. “Against Marriage: The Correspondence of La Grande Mademoiselle.” Chicago University Press. 2002.
- “France’s Mid-17th-Century Crisis: The Fronde (1648-1653).” University of Kentucky. https://history.as.uky.edu/france%E2%80%99s-mid-17th-century-crisis-fronde-1648-1653
- Fraser, Antonia. “Love and Louis XIV: The Women in the Life of the Sun King.” Anchor Books. 2007.
- “La Grande Mademoiselle 1627-1693.” Chateau de Versailles. https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/grande-mademoiselle
- Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orleans. “Memoirs of Mademoiselle de Montpensier, grand-dughter of Henri Quatre, and niece of Queen Henrietta-Maria.” London, Colburn. 1848. https://archive.org/details/memoirsmademois02montgoog/page/n10/mode/2up
- Sackville-West, V. “Daughter of France: the life of Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier, 1627-1693, la Grande Mademoiselle.” Doubleday. 1959. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/daughteroffrance00sack/page/30/mode/2up
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