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From Optimism to Despair: Europe in Transition
This chapter examines the transformative impact of war on European society, contrasting the 19th-century belief in technological progress with the disillusionment that followed World War I. It explores cultural and generational shifts, including the rise of a distinct youth culture and changing roles for women, alongside the darker realities of industrialization. The chapter also reflects on the psychological responses to existential despair, highlighting diverse coping mechanisms that emerged in response to societal upheaval.