In this episode, we introduce large language models in healthcare, their potentials and pitfalls. We put AI chatbots like ChatGPT to the test, discuss our thoughts on Google's Med-PaLM, and dabble in a bit of philosophy of artificial general intelligence.

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Dev&Doc is a podcast where doctors and developers deep dive into the potential of AI in healthcare.
👨🏻‍⚕️Doc - Dr. Joshua Au Yeung
🤖Dev - Zeljko Kraljevic
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Timestamps:
00:00 Start
00:16 Intro
02:04 ChatGPT, A giant leap for mankind?
04:02 Spending two weeks with ChatGPT as a doctor
07:36 History of Large Language Models (LLMs)
10:15 A top down approach to what is an LLM
17:31 Medical language is a language in itself
18:42 A lot of data, that is just wrong
21:05 Self-supervised training LLM
22:05 Instruction based fine tuning a LLM
23:52 Doc summarizing LLM training
25:48 The clinical shortcomings of instruction based tuning
27:33 Reinforcement learning from Human (clinician) feedback
32:22 Doc summarizing LLM, RLHF - A strict vs a progressive parent
34:10 There are still many problems with LLMs, aligning with clinical training data
36:26 Training a LLM on discharge summaries is a bad idea
39:18 Garbage in garbage out - data
40:13 Context windows
40:43 Data cleaning clinical notes
44:31 Bias in scientific domain LLMs PubmedGPT, Galatica
46:31 Data drift in medicine and continual learning
50:01 MedPaLM - instruction tuning to the medical domain
50:23 Model benchmarks do not reflect the real world
59:11 LLM emulating human language, but not the brain. Only one piece of the mind
1:01:10 LLMs on headaches and general knowledge
1:03:25 Where does a LLM fit in into the clinical work flow
1:05:50 Are regulations working against safety?
1:08:26 Cooling down LLMs to pass regulations
1:09:50 Why call it a hallucination? It's a false positive
1:13:57 Examples of bias of ChatGPT - A bad Santa Claus
1:17:00 Do LLMs encode true "understanding"? Can language lead to AGI?
1:20:05 Pregnancy - an acid test for Large Language Models
1:21:55 Training a LLM for the NHS (NHS-LLM)
1:25:25 Tell the model to "think deeply"
1:27:55 Asking ChatGPT to draw a picture of a human O.O
1:31:00 Language is not enough to achieve AGI
1:32:10 What can clinicians do about LLMs? Assisting vs Autonomous
1:39:07 What's next- Forecasting diagnoses with AI

🎞️ Editor - Dragan Kraljević
🎨 Brand design and art direction - Ana Grigorovici

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