Iraki Jewish Families and the Imperial Empires

With the arrival of the portuguese, and then quickly followed by the dutch and then british and the french what you ended seeing was that these imperial powers began grafting on their systems of rule onto existing forms. And so it is interesting that the empires did no remake these areas, although they did transform them, but they really grafted themselves on top of it. So we see, for example, hadrami, hadramat being one of the big provinces in yemen. We see hadrami communities in southeast asia. Those connections are still there. They have fluctuated over time, but so many of those relations otemt to exist, have co