Things to Know when Considering Multi-Tenant or Multi-Threaded Applications
Coding Blocks
The Evolution of Open Source Licensing
This chapter examines the recent shift of Elasticsearch back to the AGPL license and its implications for users and businesses, especially in relation to cloud services. It highlights the challenges of fostering a viable commercial model within the open-source ecosystem amid tensions with major competitors, as well as the need for clarity around licensing terms. The discussion also covers the complexities of valuing technology companies and the financial models that sustain open-source software businesses.
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It’s time to talk about the types of things you should consider when diving into multi-tenant applications and things to be especially aware of if you attempt to make things faster by going multi-threaded at the same time. Join us as Allen continues is non-winning / non-losing streak, JZ is taken out by a storm, and Outlaw continues to ignore the notes for the intro to the show…
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Episode
- Single vs multi-tenanted applications and multi-threaded programming
- Be very careful about sharing state when doing anything in multi-threaded AND multi-tenanted applications
What are some important things to consider when writing multi-tenanted applications – per Claude
As mentioned in the episode, Claude’s answers seem to be very database heavy
- Data isolation: Ensure that each tenant’s data is securely separated and inaccessible to other tenants.
- Authentication and authorization: Implement robust systems to verify tenant identity and control access to resources.
- Scalability: Design the architecture to handle growth in both the number of tenants and data volume per tenant.
- Performance: Optimize database queries and resource allocation to maintain speed as tenant count increases.
- Customization: Allow for tenant-specific configurations and features without compromising the core codebase.
- Monitoring and logging: Implement comprehensive logging and monitoring to track usage, errors, and performance per tenant.
- Maintenance and updates: Design the system to allow for updates and maintenance with minimal disruption to tenants.
- Data backup and recovery: Implement tenant-specific backup and recovery processes.
- Compliance and data regulations: Ensure the system can meet various regulatory requirements that may differ by tenant.
- Tenant onboarding and offboarding: Create efficient processes for adding new tenants and removing old ones.
- Good feature flagging support?
- Tracing / OpenTelemetry
Can you elaborate on the data isolation?
Data isolation is crucial in multi-tenant systems to prevent unauthorized access and ensure data privacy. Here are some key strategies to ensure data isolation:
- Separate databases
- Use a separate database for each tenant
- Pros: Strong isolation, easier compliance
- Cons: Higher maintenance, potentially higher costs
- Use a separate database for each tenant
- Shared database with separate schemas
- Each tenant gets their own schema within a shared database
- Pros: Good isolation, more cost-effective than separate databases
- Cons: Requires careful access control, potential for errors
- Each tenant gets their own schema within a shared database
- Shared schema with tenant ID
- Use a single schema but include a tenant ID column in each table
- Pros: Most cost-effective, easiest to maintain
- Cons: Highest risk of data leaks, requires vigilant query filtering
- Use a single schema but include a tenant ID column in each table
- Row-level security
- Implement database-level security policies to restrict access based on tenant ID
- Particularly useful with shared schema approach
- Encryption
- Encrypt sensitive data, potentially using tenant-specific keys
- Adds an extra layer of protection even if other measures fail
- Connection pooling
- Use separate connection pools for each tenant to prevent session mixups
- Query filtering
- Always include tenant ID in queries, preferably at the database level
- Use ORMs or query builders that automatically add tenant filters
- API and application-level checks
- Validate tenant ID in all API calls and application logic
- Implement middleware to enforce tenant-specific access
Resources / Mentions
- Salable Postgres product – Citus
https://www.citusdata.com/ - Envelope encryption if you’re wanting to use tenant specific keys for multi-tenanted encryption – one approach is envelope encryption
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_cryptosystem#Envelope_encryption
https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/envelope-encryption - OWASP multi-tenant or “Cloud Tenant” Isolation
https://owasp.org/www-project-cloud-tenant-isolation/ - C#’s Parallel.ForEach method – the easy way to do parallel processing in C#
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.parallel.foreach?view=net-8.0 - Can’t remember why we linked episode 11, but here it is!
https://www.codingblocks.net/podcast/episode-11-design-patterns-part-1-you-create-me/
Tips of the Week
- Speculative fix? If you’re not sure that your fix is going to work, or you can’t reproduce the problem then consider over-communicating it and keeping artifacts such as screenshots of what you attempted.
- It’s useful for communication, but also for looking back when and if you start second guessing yourself.
- Shapez 2 is a cool refactoring, automation, and puzzle game. It’s similar to Factorio, but with a heavier emphasis on refactoring and puzzles.
https://store.steampowered.com/app/2162800/shapez_2/
- Kotlin – measureTimeMillis
https://kotlinlang.org/api/latest/jvm/stdlib/kotlin.system/measure-time-millis.html - Google skills – learn and get certified in Google Cloud https://www.cloudskillsboost.google
- Pay for a year’s worth of training for $299 and get $200 towards a certification – over $1,500 value https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/payments/new https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions
- Pay for a year’s worth of training for $299 and get $200 towards a certification – over $1,500 value https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/payments/new https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions
- From Ivan Kuchin – Dasel – like JQ except it does JSON, YAML, TOML, XML and CSV with zero runtime dependencies
https://github.com/TomWright/dasel - Google Cloud products in 4 words or less
https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners/back-popular-demand-google-cloud-products-4-words-or-less-2022-edition
https://googlecloudcheatsheet.withgoogle.com/
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