Jason Staples - The Idea of Israel in Second Temple Judaism
Biblical World
What's the Difference Between the Jews and the Jews?
In the second temple period, scholarship has presumed that when you hear people say israel or israelites, that is synonymous with the category of jews. In fact, these three terms are not identical, they're not coextensive. A specifically, jews are the subset that is derived from the southern kingdom of judah,. So jew is really just a way of saying judaite, which is how the term originated. And my argument is that that distinction never goes away in the second temple Period.
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