Refinery Dynamics and Future Energy Trends

This chapter explores the complexities of refinery construction in the U.S., including historical context, environmental regulations, and economic considerations due to shifting global markets. It highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on refinery capacity and discusses the potential benefits of traditional gasoline standards over ethanol blends. Additionally, the chapter examines the future of energy with a focus on hybrid vehicles, battery technology, and the implications of energy policies on global geopolitics.