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Ghosts in the Mountains: The Mujahideen Civil War (Part 4)

Conflicted: A History Podcast

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The Mujahideen's Retreat From Kabul

Ahmed Shah Masud and the other Mujahideen retreated from Kabul in 1996. The Taliban were closing in on them with every ounce of firepower they had. From Masud's point of view, it was the end of an era. Fundamentalist Islam had prevailed in Afghanistan. Gulbuddin Heckmanjar fled to Iran to brood in exile.

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