Why Modified AGI, Not Taxable Income, Matters

Roth conversions can save thousands in taxes, but they can also trigger Medicare IRMAA surcharges that quietly add up to more than $5,000 a year. Most retirees never see it coming, because the rules for Medicare premiums don’t line up with the tax brackets everyone focuses on.

In this video, James breaks down how Roth conversions interact with Medicare Part B and Part D premiums, why modified adjusted gross income matters more than taxable income, and how crossing a threshold by even one dollar can change your costs for an entire year. The case study shows how a couple could save nearly a million dollars in lifetime taxes… but lose tens of thousands to unnecessary IRMAA charges if they convert without a plan. A small adjustment (converting up to the right tier instead of the wrong bracket) boosts their long-term wealth and avoids surprise premiums.

If you’re planning Roth conversions before RMDs begin, evaluating a 401(k)-to-Roth strategy, or trying to minimize taxes in early retirement, understanding Medicare thresholds is essential. A smart conversion plan balances tax savings with premium costs so you don’t give back what you worked so hard to save.

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The strategies, case studies, and examples discussed may not be suitable for everyone. They are hypothetical and for illustrative and educational purposes only. They do not reflect actual client results and are not guarantees of future performance. All investments involve risk, including the potential loss of principal.

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